Culebra was established as a National Wildlife Refuge in 1909. It is a Sanctuary for Birds of many species, specifically Marine Birds. The refuge supports a variety of breeding sea birds including Laughing Gulls, Bridled Terns, Brown Noddies, Roseate Terns, White-tailed and Red-billed Tropicbirds and three species of Boobies. More than 50,000 sea birds find their way to this tiny dot in the ocean every year to breed and nurture their young. The largest colony, numbering over 15,000 birds, is the Sooty Tern colony located on Flamenco Peninsula.

Culebra has Frigate birds floating in the air and Sea Gulls scavenging for some piece of food inland or at Sea. Also we have the mangrove birds like Herons, dancing Putillas and the diving Pelicans to name a few.